Mini Countryman, 2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

•  Mini Countryman, 2011

The MINI Countryman crossover represents a whole new combination of the absorbing handling characteristics of a MINI with the versatile interior of a four-door car and the optimised traction of a Sports Activity Vehicle (in the shape of the optional all-wheel-drive system). At the same time, it provides a fresh and distinctive interpretation of established MINI features as far as design, premium quality, efficiency and customisation are concerned. The brand's fourth model - joining the classic two-door, MINI Clubman and MINI Convertible in the range - meets the challenges of urban mobility with impressive flexibility, captures the imagination beyond traditional MINI territory with its broader range of abilities, and paves the way for an expanding band of prospective customers with varying mobility-based requirements to experience the trademark driving fun of a MINI.

With the long-distance comfort of four individual seats or space for up to five people on board, plus a raised seating position, versatile interior, new generation of powerful and efficient engines and optional MINI ALL4 all-wheel-drive system, the MINI Countryman adds another sprinkling of attractive features to the emotional driving experience of a MINI. Its body and interior concept invite you to share the MINI feeling with friends and in a variety of different situations. This propels the MINI Countryman onto the radar of broader target groups, whose family or leisure pursuits have created an increased need for space and flexibility and who are therefore keen to blend the distinctive style of the brand with innovative functionality and a higher level of interior versatility.

Classic principle, innovative concept, hallmark MINI style.
The unmistakable MINI design language showcases the innovative vehicle concept of the MINI Countryman in fitting style. The first MINI to measure more than four metres (157") in length also follows the principle established for the classic Mini of creating maximum interior space and functionality on a compact footprint. In addition to the classic MINI proportions, characteristic design features at the front, side and rear of the car help to ensure that the MINI Countryman is immediately recognisable as a member of the brand family.

The choice of name for the fourth model in the brand's range also reflects the historic roots and British origins of the MINI. Like the MINI Clubman, the MINI Countryman also builds on the heritage of a forefather based on the brilliant small car concept devised by Alec Issigonis. Indeed, a particularly versatile variant of the classic Mini bearing the Countryman name came onto the market as early as 1960. The Austin Seven Countryman and its technically identical Morris Mini Traveller sister model provided an extra dose of variability, their larger interior offering flexible usage potential. Available for purchase up to 1969, this variant of the Mini - not least the "woody" version with its wooden frame trim on the body flanks and rear doors - achieved a cult status unrivalled to this day.

The MINI Countryman  built at the BMW Group's Austrian partner firm Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik in Graz. Production will take place on a separate assembly line set up and operated according to the exacting standards of the BMW Group. As with all the brand's models, the petrol engines for the MINI Countryman will be sourced from the Hams Hall engine plant, one corner of the MINI Production Triangle in England. The newly developed diesel power units, meanwhile, will be produced at the BMW Group's largest engine plant in the Austrian town of Steyr.

MINI Countryman: The first premium model of its kind brings fresh variety to the MINI model family.
As the brand's fourth model and the first premium car of its kind, the MINI Countryman is a pioneer in many respects. The new model is defined by classic MINI features, including its evocative design embodying the unmistakable style of the brand, the agile handling - a.k.a. "go-kart" feeling - which makes a MINI such fun to drive, and its premium quality, in keeping with the high standards of the BMW Group. The MINI Countryman paves the way for new target groups to experience these traits and talents.

The characteristics mentioned above also open up new perspectives for the MINI brand itself. Expanding its model family allows the premium small car manufacturer to bring an unmatched variety to this segment of the market.
In so doing, the MINI brand has demonstrated its ability once again - and more forcefully than ever - to grow with the demands of its fan base and yet remain true to its own identity. The MINI Countryman adds new and intriguing facets to the brand, and presents them in an innovative new body concept.

The design.
The concept of the MINI Countryman puts clear water between the new model and the brand's existing line-up. This new direction is expressed in its confident body design. Measuring 4,097 millimetres (161.3") in length (MINI Cooper S Countryman: 4,110 mm/161.8"), 1,789 (70.4") in width and 1,561 millimetres (61.5") in height, the four-door body combines the customary brand proportions with increased ground clearance and a raised seating position. The MINI Countryman therefore bridges the gap between the classic MINI concept and a state-of-the-art Sports Activity Vehicle.

Like the wider spectrum of possibilities opened up by the innovative body concept of the MINI Countryman, its design embodies the further development of the MINI brand's distinctive design language. The new model showcases fresh interpretations of fundamental MINI design elements.

These include the striking three-level split of body, greenhouse and roof, the front end look (sculpted by large headlights, the hexagonal radiator grille and upright windscreen), the vertically stacked rear lights and the "cascading" contours of the rear, which broaden as they head from roof to wheel. Characteristic MINI design details like the headlights and rear lights integrated like "islands" into the body, the side scuttle between the front wing and door, and the greenhouse tapering back towards the rear of the car also clearly betray the identity of the Countryman as a MINI family member. At the same time their game-altering design gives them a special appeal.

These ingredients combine to highlight both the distinctive character of the new model and its family roots to unmistakable effect. The design of the MINI Countryman exudes originality, performance, a dependable robustness and versatility. And yet the customary MINI charm and individual allure remain resoundingly intact.

Front end with characteristic look and mature presence.
The clear structure of its front end gives the MINI Countryman a mature and stylishly imposing appearance. The upright radiator grille, strikingly contoured bonnet and large headlight units are all characteristic features of the front end. Rising up high, it meets the stipulations of current pedestrian protection legislation and lends the crossover model a powerful stance. The powerdome tapering forward to the front of the bonnet betrays the performance of the engine lurking below.

Together with the main headlights, which occupy the traditional MINI position on the outer edges of the bonnet, the powerdome gives the surface of the car an unmistakable look. The newly designed headlights have chrome surrounds and extend conspicuously far into the shoulders of the car, lending extra emphasis to its width. The shape of the headlights is a marked departure from the classic circular form of the other MINI models in the range. The upper edge slants to the outside, adding further presence to the wheel arches. On the inner edge, meanwhile, they appear to be shrinking away from the broad-spread radiator grille.

The modified form of the radiator grille complements the stand-alone styling of the MINI Countryman: the enclosed hexagonal unit stands more upright than the grilles on the brand's existing models. The three horizontal grille slats of the MINI Cooper Countryman, MINI One Countryman, MINI Cooper D Countryman and MINI One D Countryman reach a long way back, creating a free-floating impression. The slats on the MINI One Countryman and MINI One D Countryman grilles are in high-gloss black, while those on the other model versions are painted matt silver. The front end of the MINI Cooper S Countryman has its very own hexagonal grille design in black and can also be identified by an additional air intake integrated into the grille and ventilation inlets for the brakes.

Larger stature and raised ground clearance define the side view.
From the side the impeccable harmony of the metal body and greenhouse is particularly clear. The familiar MINI three-level split of body, greenhouse and roof is also striking on the Countryman. Despite its height and greater ground clearance, the keynote MINI proportions remain intact. The short front and rear overhangs highlight the brand's trusted philosophy of creating maximum interior space within a compact footprint.

The distinctive contours of the MINI Countryman's roof underline the four-door layout of the body and make the car easily recognisable. Functional roof rails are integrated into the roof as standard, lending extra visual effect to a silhouette reminiscent of a helmet. The greenhouse wraps itself like a glass ribbon around the car and exudes an inviting allure with its powerful transparency. The rising shoulder line of the body lends the greenhouse a "V" shape, which in turn gives the car the appearance of surging forward dynamically - even when at a standstill.

A precise character line, which arcs between the wheels along the lower third of the car's flank, lowers its visual centre of gravity and stretches out the side view. This stylistic bridge between the front and rear axle also serves as a reference to the optional all-wheel drive. The imposing wheel arches grow powerfully out of the body of the car and symbolise its solid roadholding.

The black border around the lower part of the body is more clearly defined on the MINI Countryman than on the brand's other models and underlines the raised ground clearance and clear emphasis on the wheels. The extra-long suspension travel of the wheels is also noticeable and hints at the car's broader range of possible uses. The fresh design of the side scuttle at the transition from front wing to door also helps to set the MINI Countryman apart within the brand family. This element - another new interpretation of the welding seams in a similar position on the classic Mini - houses both the side direction indicators and an air outlet on the MINI Countryman.

The side scuttle has a broad, extremely sturdy-looking design and leads the eye from the A-pillar down towards the front wheel. Like the path of the C-pillar heading towards the rear axle, this line also heightens the impression of the body's powerful over-the-wheels stance.

Rear view: Attractive contrasts created by horizontal lines and upright rear light clusters.
The proportions and horizontal structuring of the rear of the car underline the sporting capability of the MINI Countryman and create a strong sense of purpose. The body spreads out in stages from roof to wheels and accentuates the car's solid stance, while the muscular shoulder line reinforces its masculine character. The roof, with its integrated, aerodynamically efficient spoiler lip, appears to be "planted" on top of the greenhouse. Another horizontal line is provided by the narrow chrome strip which wraps around the car as a border between the greenhouse and body.

As with all MINI models, the rear lights on the MINI Countryman are arranged in upright clusters, contrasting with the otherwise horizontal lines of the rear. These clusters have chrome surrounds and protrude from the body in three-dimensional form. Positioned on the outer edges of the rear end, they emphasise the width of the car and, in so doing, offer a clear indication of the generously sized interior. All the light functions are arranged within these "islands". The inner structure of the lights is defined - in customary MINI style - by full and "sawn-off" circles, which give the rear of the car its distinctive appearance during night driving.

For the first time, the MINI logo at the rear of the car is also assigned a function. Pressing the inner circle of the brand emblem releases the upward-opening tailgate. The licence plate recess echoes the form of the air intake in the front bumper, forging a stylistic link between the front and rear of the car.

The rear apron of the MINI Cooper S Countryman takes the form of a diffuser, which channels the airflow under the rear of the car to optimise its aerodynamic properties. The most powerful variant in the Countryman range can also be identified by its model-specific roof spoiler, the twin-tailpipe exhaust system and the eye-catching cut-outs in the outer edges of the rear bumper.

A selection of 11 body colours are available for the MINI Countryman - five non-metallic and six metallic paint finishes. The roof on the MINI One Countryman and MINI One D Countryman is painted in the body colour. Customers choosing a MINI Cooper S Countryman, MINI Cooper Countryman or MINI Cooper D Countryman, meanwhile, can customise their car by specifying the paint shades Black or Light White for the roof as an alternative to the body colour.

Standard-fitted 16-inch wheels (17-inch on the MINI Cooper S Countryman) also contribute to the visual impact of the MINI Countryman. In addition, optionally available light-alloy wheels - some designed exclusively for the MINI Countryman - emphasise both the sporting and robust character of the new model. They are available in various designs and in sizes between 16 and 18 inches.

The optional Chrome Line Exterior, meanwhile, lends the outward appearance of the MINI Countryman a particularly exclusive edge. This package adds a model-specific sparkle to elements including the front bumper and side indicator surrounds. On the MINI Cooper S Countryman the front brake ventilation ducts also get a chrome surround and the rear bumper features a chrome strip. The radiator grille slats and rear licence plate surround of all other variants likewise benefit from a touch of chrome.

Mini E, 2010

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Mini E, 2010

The all-electric MINI E powered by a 150 kW (204 hp) electric motor fed by a high-performance rechargeable lithium-ion battery, transferring its power to the front wheels via a single-stage helical gearbox nearly without a sound and entirely free of emissions. Specially engineered for automobile use, the battery technology will have a range of more than 240 kilometers, or 150 miles. The MINI E  initially be made available to select private and corporate customers as part of a pilot project in the US states of California, New York and New Jersey. The possibility of offering the MINI E in Europe as well is currently being considered. The MINI E  give its world premiere at the Los Angeles Auto Show on November 19 and 20, 2008. The BMW Group will be the world's first manufacturer of premium automobiles to deploy a fleet of some 500 all-electric vehicles for private use in daily traffic.

Driven by electricity: reliably, affordably and free of emissions.
A full recharge draws a maximum of 28 kilowatt hours of electricity from the grid. Based on the car's range, a kilowatt hour translates into 5.4 miles. Besides the benefit of zero-emissions driving, the MINI E thus offers significant economic advantages over a vehicle powered by a conventional internal combustion engine as well.

The heavy-duty battery delivers its power to an electric motor, which transforms it into thrilling agility. Mounted transversely under the MINI E's bonnet, the drive train unleashes its full thrust from a dead standstill. This provides for the car's fascinating launch capability. The MINI E's intense driving experience is augmented by its dynamic deceleration potential, which is also directly coupled to the accelerator pedal. As soon as the driver releases the gas pedal, the electric motor acts as a generator. This results in braking force, and the power recovered from the kinetic energy is fed back to the battery. This interaction ensures extremely comfortable drives - especially at medium speed with constant, but marginal, variation. In city traffic, some 75 percent of all deceleration can be done without the brakes. Making substantial use of this energy recuperation feature extends the car's range by up to 20 percent.
 

The MINI E's electric drive train produces a peak torque of 220 Newton meters, delivering seamless acceleration to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 8.5 seconds. Top speed is electronically limited to 152 km/h (95 mph). Featuring a suspension system tuned to match its weight distribution, the MINI E sports the brand's hallmark agility and outstanding handling.

By introducing the MINI E, the BMW Group is underscoring the resolve with which it works towards reducing energy consumption and emissions in road traffic. The BMW Group is drawing on its unique technological expertise in the field of drive systems to develop a vehicle concept enabling zero emissions without renouncing the joy of driving. Putting some 500 cars on the road under real daily traffic conditions will make it possible to gain widely applicable hands-on experience. Evaluating these findings will generate valuable know-how, which will be factored into the engineering of mass-produced vehicles.

The BMW Group aims to start series production of all-electric vehicles over the medium term as part of its Number ONE strategy. The development of innovative concepts for mobility in big-city conurbations within the scope of "project i" has a similar thrust, as its objective also includes making use of an all-electric power train.

The energy storage unit: cutting-edge lithium-ion technology engineered specifically for use in the MINI.

The car  initially available as a two-seater. The space taken up by back-seat passengers in the series model has been reserved for the lithium-ion battery. When in use in the zero-emissions MINI, the battery unit combines high output with ample storage capacity and a small footprint with power ratios that are unrivalled in this field of application so far. The lithium-ion storage unit will have a maximum capacity of 35 kilowatt hours (kWh) and transmit energy to the electric motor as direct current at a nominal 380 volts. The rechargeable battery is made up of 5,088 cells grouped into 48 modules. These modules are packaged into three battery elements that are compactly arranged inside the MINI E.

The energy storage unit's basic components are based on the technological principle that has proven itself in practice in power supplies for mobile phones and portable computers. The MINI E's lithium-ion battery can be plugged into all standard power outlets. Its charge time is strongly dependent on the voltage and amperage of the electricity flowing through the grid. In the USA, users can recharge a battery that has been completely drained within a very short period of time using a wallbox that will ship with every MINI E. The wallbox will be installed in the customer's garage, enable higher amperage, and thus provide for extremely short charging times. Wallboxes fully recharge batteries after a mere two-and-a-half hours.

Signature MINI agility in a new guise.
Weighing in at 1,465 kilograms (3.230 lbs), the MINI E has an even weight distribution. Minor modifications made to the suspension ensure safe handling at all times. The Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) system has been adapted to this model's specific wheel loads.

The MINI E's brake system comes with a newly developed electric underpressure pump. Its Electrical Power Assisted Steering (EPS) is the same as the one used in mass-produced MINIs. Both brake and steering assistance react to driving conditions and are thus extremely efficient. Even the air conditioning's electrical compressor only operates if desired or necessary.

Special charging station and full service for every MINI E.
The cars will change hands based on a one-year lease with an extension option. Monthly lease installments will cover any required technical service including all necessary maintenance and the replacement of wearing parts. At the end of the lease, all of the automobiles belonging to the project will be returned to the BMW Group's engineering fleet where they will be subjected to comparative tests.

The MINI E's lithium-ion battery can be charged using a wallbox provided to MINI customers. Only lockable garages or similar buildings will qualify as homebases and power stations for the MINI E.

Design: unmistakably MINI, undoubtedly new.
At first glance, the MINI E is obviously an iteration of the brand. But its design, which is the blueprint for the zero-emissions two-seater, has been complemented by a number of visual cues that point to its revolutionary drive concept. All of the units produced for the pilot project will have the same paintwork and bear a serial number on their front fenders.

The MINI E's coachwork sports an exclusive combination of metallic Dark Silver on all panels but the roof, which is clad in Pure Silver. What distinguishes the zero-emissions MINI is a specially designed logo in Interchange Yellow, depicting a stylized power plug in the shape of an "E" set against the silver backdrop. It has been applied to the roof, in smaller dimensions to the front and back, to the charger port lid, the dashboard trim, and - combined with the MINI logo - to the door jamb, in slightly modified form. The color of the roof edges, mirror housings, interior style cues and seat seams will match the logo's yellow tone as well.

Moreover, the central gauge and the battery level indicator behind the wheel of the MINI E, which replaces the MINI's rev counter, feature yellow lettering against a dark grey background. The battery level is displayed in percentage figures. The central gauge includes an LED display indicating power consumption in red and power recuperation in green.

MINI E customers will be part of a pioneering mission.
A 500-unit, limited-production MINI E series will be manufactured through the end of 2008. The project will thus attain an order of magnitude that clearly exceeds the size of currently comparable test series. Putting the MINI E on the road on a daily basis will be a pioneering feat to which both the drivers and engineers of the first zero-emissions MINI will contribute as a team.

MINI E customers will join forces with BMW Group experts to assist in the project's scientific evaluation. MINI E engineers accord high importance to staying in touch with the drivers on a regular basis, as this will help them analyze driver behavior besides vehicle characteristics in order to gain the most accurate and realistic picture of the demands placed on a vehicle with a purely electrical drive in the select usage areas.

Maintenance by qualified specialists.
The electric drive's high-voltage technology requires that maintenance work be done by qualified personnel using special tools that are not included in MINI service partners' standard toolboxes. In light of this, a service base will be set up on both coasts, staffed by service engineers that are specially trained to perform maintenance and repair work on the MINI E's electrical components. In the event of drive malfunction, these experts will provide professional support at the customer's local MINI dealer or the service base's specially equipped workshop. Technical inspections will take place after 3,000 miles (just under 5,000 kilometers) and at least after six months.

Production in Oxford and Munich.
The MINI E has already gone through the major phases of product development for mass-produced vehicles and passed numerous crash tests on the way. Aspects investigated besides passenger protection were the impact of collision forces on the lithium-ion battery and finding a non-hazardous location for it in the car. The MINI E's energy storage unit emerged completely unscathed from all of the crash tests mandated by US standards, which are especially high.

Production of the approximately 500 cars will take place at the company's Oxford and Munich sites and is scheduled for completion before the end of 2008. MINI's UK plant will be responsible for manufacturing the entire vehicle with the exception of the drive components and the lithium-ion battery, with the brand's series models rolling off its assembly lines concurrently. The units will then be transferred to a specially equipped manufacturing complex situated on BMW plant premises where the electric motor, battery units, performance electronics and transmission will be integrated.

Technical Specifications
    Doors: 3
    Seats: 2
    Length: 3.714 mm (146.2")
    Width: 1.683 mm (66.3")
    Height: 1.407 mm (55.4")
    Wheelbase: 2,467 mm (97.1")
    Track
        front: 1,453 mm (57.2")
        rear: 1,461 mm (57.5")
    Turning circle: 10.7 m (35.1 feet)
    Curb weight: 1.465 kg (3.230 lbs)
    Payload: 195 kg (430 lbs)
    Gross vehicle weight rating: 1,660 kg (3,656 lbs)
    Cargo space (DIN): 60 l
    Engine
        Type: Electric motor
        Motor type: Asynchronous motor
        Power output: 204 hp (150 kw)
        Torque: 220 Nm (from idle)
        Max. RPM (cut off): 12,500 rpm
    Electrical System
        Battery capacity: 35kWh, approx. 28kWh of which useable
        Battery weight: 260 kg (573 lbs)
        Charging time
            23.6 h @ 110 V/12 A (1.3 kW)
            4.4h @ 240 V/32 A (7.0 kw)
            2.9h @ 240V/48 A (10.6 kW)
        Battery design: 53 cells connected in parallel constitute a unit, 2 units connected in series constitute a module, 48 modules connected in series constitute the battery; 5,088 individual cells in total
        Battery cooling: Air cooling via temperature-, load- and speed-sensitive fans
        Battery location: Extends rearward from the heel plate; replaces the rear seat bench
        Peak current: Short bursts of up to 900A
    Running Gear
        Front wheel suspension: Single-joint McPherson spring strut axle with anti-dive control
        Rear wheel suspension: Longitudinal link with centrally mounted control arms, z axis
        Front brakes: Vented disc, Diameter: 294 mm (11.6")
        Rear brakes: Disc, Diameter: 259 mm (10.2")
        Road stability systems: DSC adapted to modified curb weight and wheel load (always on), low-friction recuperation control via DSC, ELUP (electronic underpressure pump) brake boost
        Steering: Rack and pinion with electronic power steering (EPS)
        Total steering transmission ratio: 14.1:1
        Type of transmission: Single-stage helical gearbox, derived from the Cooper S helical gearbox
        Axle load distribution
            front: 750 kg (1,651 lbs)
            rear: 715 kg (1,575 lbs)
        Tires: All-season Runflat 16"
    Performance Ratings
        Power-to-weight ratio (DIN): 9.76 kg/kW
        Acceleration 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph): 8.5 s
        Top speed: 152 km/h (95 mph)
        Range (FTP 72): 240 km (150 miles)
        Consumption (FTP 72): 0.12kWh/km (0.19 kWh/mls)
        CO2 Emission: 0 g/km

Mini John Cooper Works Convertible, 2010

 

 

 

 

•  Mini John Cooper Works Convertible, 2010

MINI John Cooper Works Convertible
Featuring the same high performance engineering modifications as the Hatch model carrying the John Cooper Works badge, the Convertible's 1.6-litre twin scroll-turbocharged engine produces 211 hp and up to 280 Nm peak torque with Overboost deployed.

The MINI John Cooper Works Convertible  built entirely in the UK
With the new MINI Convertible now rolling off the line, several points of operation at MINI Plant Swindon and Oxford have been modified. BMW Group invested in new assembly stations for the Convertible tailgate at Plant Swindon. At Plant Oxford, the bodyshop installed and commissioned all necessary facilities and infrastructure to meet the high quality standards and geometrical accuracy for the Convertible body.

In final assembly have transformed all work areas to integrate production of the new Convertible efficiently, and are now building the complete MINI model line-up once again on a single assembly line.

The newcomer's petrol power plant is a significantly revised version of the 1.6-litre turbocharged unit found in MINI Cooper S models, and the same as that in the MINI Challenge race car. The engine is lighter, stronger and is supplied with a larger air intake and an exhaust system specifically designed for John Cooper Works cars.
The transmission's gearing is strengthened to handle the extra available power; power that pushes the car to a remarkable output of 132 hp per litre, yet still able to offer an amazing 39.8 mpg.

The lengthy standard kit list of every MINI John Cooper Works Convertible includes a bespoke John Cooper Works Alcantara steering wheel, sport seats, John Cooper Works floor mats and glossy piano black interior. Air conditioning is fitted as standard, as it is now on every new MINI.
Performance of the Works car is underlined by an exclusive speedometer, which runs to 160 mph to account for the car's higher top speed than that of any other MINI.

A Sport button is located in front of the gear stick. When pressed it activates a bespoke engine control map producing boost earlier in the rev range and sharpening steering and throttle response. The gear knob featuring a red gearing diagram is unique to the MINI John Cooper Works.
Unique lightweight 17" alloy wheels in Cross-spoke CHALLENGE design, shod with Run-flat tyres, feature on the exciting new Convertible. A John Cooper Works Aero kit is standard and the tuning brand's logo is positioned on the boot, grille, brakes and door sills.

Extra-large disc brakes paired with upgraded bright red Brembo performance callipers are supplied. Chassis technologies ensuring a sporty and safe driving experience are also standard features of the MINI John Cooper Works:

•     * ABS Brakes
•     * EBD Electronic Brake Force Distribution
•     * CBC Cornering Brake Control
•     * EDLC Electronic Differential Lock Control
•     * DSC Dynamic Stability Control (incorporating Hill Assist)
•     * DTC Dynamic Traction Control

Unique to MINI John Cooper Works models is EDLC. With DSC fully deactivated, the car's Electronic Differential Lock Control delivers an even sportier driving experience. EDLC works when the car is accelerating hard out of corners or tight bends. In the situation, it electronically slows the spinning inside wheel to enhance grip and ensure that all available power is transferred to the road through the wheel with greatest traction. In contrast to the way DSC and DTC manage power delivery to the wheels, EDLC does not intervene with the throughput of engine power, meaning the driver is in near total control of the handling of the car.